In recent years, various regions have been actively exploring pathways to realize the value of ecological products, transforming environmental protection into a profitable venture. This shift is crucial in promoting a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. The progress in constructing an ecological civilization in China has witnessed significant advancements, with an increase in the supply of ecological products and ongoing development of mechanisms and policies to support their valuation.

Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the first batch of pilot areas for the national ecological product value realization mechanism. Among the ten selected regions are Beijing's Yanqing, Huangshan in Anhui province, and Huzhou in Zhejiang province. There has also been a continuation of pilot work in Lishui, Zhejiang, and Fuzhou, Jiangxi. These pilot areas have undertaken various explorations, establishing mechanisms for ecological asset certification and valuation, quality certification for ecological products, government purchasing of ecological product services, market trading of ecological products, green finance initiatives, performance assessment, and accountability measures. They have achieved a series of exploration results that guarantee the effective realization of ecological product values through institutional supply.

In Lishui, Zhejiang, to tackle the challenges of diverse ecological system functions, significant category differences, and difficulties in quantifying value, the local standard "Guidelines for Ecological Product Value Accounting" has been innovatively developed. Meanwhile, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, has established a physical "Two Mountains" transformation center and created over 30 exclusive credit products, such as "Ancient House Loans" and "Ancient Village Loans," utilizing ancient villages and buildings as collateral for financing. These initiatives have allowed for the pledging, trading, and investment of GEP (Gross Ecosystem Product).

However, it is essential to recognize that challenges remain in facilitating the realization of ecological product value, particularly in ensuring a smooth connection between product supply and market monetization. The exploratory mechanisms primarily focused on ecological product rights trading and ecological restoration compensation in the pilot regions face numerous issues. These include a relatively low overall industrial scale, an incomplete industrial chain, insufficient trading of ecological resource rights, inadequate supply-demand matching services, limited pathways for value realization, an underdeveloped realization mechanism, and insufficient supporting policies. The dominant capability of GEP in relation to GDP still needs to be fully manifested, and there is considerable room for improvement in the market's decisive role in resource allocation. The realization of ecological product value also faces significant deficiencies and irregularities in market mechanism settings, franchise licensing, market entry and exit mechanisms, and benefit distribution methods, all of which necessitate comprehensive strategies.

Building a complete theoretical system for the development of ecological industries is a cornerstone in promoting the sustainable development of the ecological economy. In this context, it is crucial to deepen research into ecological value realization theories while comprehensively summarizing and tracking the achievements of ecological value realization research and developments both domestically and internationally. By analyzing practical cases from various countries and regions, we can draw on successful experiences and learn from failures, thereby enriching our understanding of the theory behind ecological product value realization.

A systematic coordination of regional ecological product value realization mechanisms is also essential. Building on the previous pilots, which mainly focused on establishing local ecological product rights trading systems, there should be an exploration of a national-level market trading system for the valuation of ecological products. National standards for ecological value accounting need to be established, along with conducting surveys for the distribution of total ecological product value and unified rights registration. Clearly defining property rights subjects and rights boundaries is crucial, as is exploring national standards for natural resource protection and ecological product accounting technologies, and developing unified methods for accounting the value of ecological products across the nation.

Furthermore, a unified market for the trading of ecological products should be established. This requires systematic design and legal protections from a national perspective, providing guidance for the construction of a nationwide ecological product value realization mechanism that crosses river basins and administrative regions. The establishment of a national unified market for the trading and exiting mechanisms of ecological product value realization must also be prioritized.